MDR-EX71SL Sony Fontopia In-Ear Headphones: Review

MDR-EX71SL Sony Fontopia In-Ear Headphones: ReviewIt’s almost always worthwhile upgrading the cheapskate headphones that invariably come bundled with MP3 players and phones – especially if you’re currently strutting around with a pair of ‘Mug Me Now!’ Apple iPod ‘phones.

Sony has acquired a fine reputation for their consumer headphones and we looked forward to testing the Fontopia MDR-EX71SL in-ear headphones.

Sony have cottoned on to the fact that a lot of people won’t want half a mile of excess cord flapping around, so have fitted the headphones with a short lead, ideal for plugging into lanyard remote controls.

If you need a longer lead, you can simply attach the extension cord to extend the cable to 1m.

MDR-EX71SL Sony Fontopia In-Ear Headphones: ReviewThe closed-type Fontopia design is powered by super-small 9 mm drivers kitted out in Spinal Tap black with go-faster silver accents (they’re also available in Mac-like white, but that’s just asking for trouble).

Looking and feeling disturbingly medical, the headphones come with three sets of attachable soft silicon earbuds in small, medium and large sizes.

These floppy bits of thin, rubber-like material fit on the headphones to provide a tight seal around your ears.

We have to say that fitting them felt a little strange, but once our ears were suitably isolated, we tried the Sony Fontopias through a variety of sources; an MP3 player, PDA smartphone and high end hi-fi system.

Playing back a selection of tunes on the MP3 player, we immediately noticed a huge improvement in the sound quality, with a deep, smooth bass making itself felt with vocals being rendered more crisply.

The same improvement was heard on the smartphone, but the hi-fi system merely served to highlight the limitations of the ‘phones – not unreasonable considering the $32 (~£18 ~€26) price tag.

MDR-EX71SL Sony Fontopia In-Ear Headphones: ReviewSuitably impressed with our tests, we decided to take the headphones with us on a business trip and here’s where the problems began.

With the silicon earbuds forming a super tight seal around your lug holes, everything starts to sound a bit weird and distant when you’re walking the streets.

Your own footsteps resonate through your head like you’re King Kong going for a walk in diver’s boots and if you hum along to a tune it sounds like there’s several hives’ worth of bees joining in.

It was really, really unnerving and, frankly, rather unpleasant and we wished we’d stuck with our original ‘phones.

However, once on a train, the Fontopias came into their own, doing a wonderful job of delivering high quality sounds while almost silencing the screaming kid and Cock-er-nee Geeza shouting into his mobile opposite.

So we’ve got mixed feelings about these headphones: if you don’t mind sounding like a leaden leviathan going for a stroll, then the Fontopias represent great value, with their sonic quality improving vastly on headphones bundled with popular MP3 players.

We loved relaxing in splendid sonic isolation on the train, but as soon as hit the city streets we couldn’t bear the disorientating feelings we got from the Fontopias.

As a result, we strongly recommend trying these ‘phones out before buying.

Sound quality 4/5 starstar
Build Quality 4/5 starstar
Overall 4/5 (on the train) 1/5 on the streets starstar

Specs:

Frequency Response: 6 – 23,000 Hz
Headphone Output: Power handling capacity: 100mW
Impedance: 16 ohms at 1 kHz
Cord: OFC; Neck Chain, 4 feet (1.2m)
Magnet: 400-kj/m3 a Ultra-High-Power Neodymium Magnet
Diaphragm: PET, long-throw
Driver Unit: 9mm diameter
Other: Lateral, In-the-ear, Closed, Dynamic
Plug: Gold-plated, L-Shaped, Stereo Mini Plug
Sensitivity: 100 dB/mW
Weight: 0.1 oz. (4g), without cord

Sony

May You Live In Interesting Times, Festival Preview (2/2)

The first part of this preview was published last week.

May You Live In Interesting Times, Festival Preview (2/2)The festival has been developed by Bloc (Creative Technology Wales) and Chapter Arts Centre, Cardiff. They have managed to accommodate a large number of complex yet accessible projects. This collaboration is all the more impressive in its scale when you realise that both organisations have their own projects running concurrently (Bloc are developing Northern and Southern pilot projects in Wales with accompanying seminars; Chapter are hosting the first UK showing o the artists Olaf Breuning).

The festival will be based at Chapter but will spill out into the streets of Cardiff and various venues and unique spaces. Contemporary artists are increasingly engaged with, or inspired by, digital technology and such public spaces.

The public and communication technologies are attractive to artists because of their user friendliness and their massive global reach.

Artists tend to situate such work somewhere between public art and street culture. Digital technology is often claimed to go beyond physical limitations such as cyberspace, but it is always embedded in real spaces and places such as the home, the workplace and the street whether this is an individual user, or as part of a larger ever extending network.

These spaces in Cardiff include the Millennium Stadium, where Tim Davies’ Drumming will be shown on the giant digital billboards above the pitch. This shows the frenetic beating of a snare drum as a call to arms. The drumming echoes out throughout the stadium and beyond, echoing the roar of 70,000 Welsh fans.

If you see a number of futuristic-looking people being pursued down Cardiff’s Queen Street, don’t worry, that will be Blast Theory.

Renowned internationally as one of the most adventurous artists’ groups using interactive media, Blast Theory come to Cardiff to present the award-winning chase game Can You See Me Now?

Online players are dropped into a virtual Cardiff while Blast Theory runners, tracked by satellites in the real city, pursue you.

May You Live In Interesting Times, Festival Preview (2/2)To join in you can access a number of computer terminals at the National Museum and Gallery or at one of the festival hubs at Chapter or g39 (cor). If you are unable to visit you can play from your own computer.

A number of residencies have already taken place across Wales, such as Jen Southern and Jen Hamilton who have been working at Creative Mwldan in Cardigan.

They have been setting tasks for locals and tourists while tracking their movements through GPS systems.

The evidence they collect will then be relocated to Cardiff, where they will be taking visitors on a boat trip in Cardiff Bay.

Grennan and Sperandio will be based in Cardiff, where they are keen to meet anyone interested in any aspect of gaming, from bridge clubs to computer game enthusiasts. They will be creating an online and actual card game based on interactions with historians, language experts, game enthusiasts as well as people from all walks of life in Cardiff.

Artists from Wales were encouraged to develop new work. Stefhan Caddick will be placing a portable digital road sign near Cardiff’s Old Library.

Usually used to display traffic information, viewers are asked to text their own messages which will be then displayed on screen.

Andy Fung’s work will be displayed on an advertising billboard on Leckwith Road near Cardiff’s Football ground.

May You Live In Interesting Times, Festival Preview (2/2)The artist group Second Site will be displaying new video works in the windows of a empty bank on Bute Street, while Chris Evans will project his interactive game onto St John’s Church in the centre of Cardiff.

Canton Labour Club becomes the ideal venue to host a series of discussions based around ideas of community and broadcasting.

The two-day conference will explore the themes of the festival, including the use of locative media, such as GPS systems and mobile phones. There will also be a look at the use and influence of video gaming.

With so many creative technologies on offer, it seems that we do indeed live in interesting times.

Karen Price is Arts Correspondent for the Western Mail.

The first part of this preview was published last week.

Chapter
Bloc
Cardiff Contemporary

May You Live In Interesting Times, Festival Preview (1/2)

We find it hard to explain how excited Digital-Lifestyles is about ‘May you live in interesting times’, the pseudonym given to the Cardiff Festival of Creative Technology starting in Cardiff on 28.Oct. Karen Price does a great job of capturing the range of events that make it up.
Watch out on Digital-Lifestyles after the event for a series of podcasts from there.
Part two of this preview is also available.

Close Encounters Of The Creative Kind – Part OneIt’s a fact of life – almost everywhere we turn we are surrounded by technology. From mobile phones and digital cameras to TVs and video games. But as well as making our lives easier and providing us with entertainment, more and more artists are now turning to everyday technologies when they create their work.

This will be highlighted during a new three-day festival which is taking place in Cardiff 28th-30th October 2005.

May You Live In Interesting Times – a title taken from a phrase used in a famous speech once made by Robert F Kennedy – is being staged across the Welsh capital as part of the Cardiff 2005 celebrations, and is a major highlight of Cardiff Contemporary, which is promoting the visual arts throughout this month.

Despite being the first event of its kind in Wales, it includes a line-up of international artists, speakers, sponsors and partners who will take part in a series of residencies, commissions, and a two-day conference.

This is all supported by a programme of artists’ projects, outdoor events, screenings, music, performances and projections.

Close Encounters Of The Creative Kind – Part One“The event will be held at various sites across the capital and will illuminate the city with dynamic and individual work using a range of new and existing technologies,” said festival co-director Emma Posey.

“The festival will provide a platform for national and international audiences to access the very best works that utilise digital technologies.”

It is already being recognised as a major international event, attracting attention as far and wide as Brazil, Holland, Japan and the USA.

The festival’s Website offers browsers from all over the world the chance to take part online via its live streaming and pod casting.

“We have received lots of positive responses so far both from inside and outside Wales,” said Posey.

Close Encounters Of The Creative Kind – Part One“We want to create a vibrant creative technology sector in Wales, with the festival celebrating this every two years.”

The festival’s other co-director Hannah Firth is keen to stress the accessibility of new technology and its use by artists and the public in their everyday lives.

“New forms of technology are commonplace, from mobile phones, computers, digital cameras, videogames and the way we watch television,” she said. “These technologies influence every aspect of our lives, if we like it or not. The festival looks at how artists are using this everyday available technology, not for its own sake, but as an additional tool in expanding their ideas.”

Richard Higlett, Visual Arts Coordinator for Cardiff 2005 added “May You live in Interesting Times is an important addition to the Capital’s cultural calendar and an opportunity to see art made using digital technologies by Welsh and Internationally respected artists. The festival is a reflection not just of the way art is made today but is about art which is resonant, depicting the current condition of society at the start of the 21st century.”

Karen Price is Arts Correspondent for the Western Mail.

Part two of this preview is also available.

May You Live In Interesting Times
Chapter
Bloc
Cardiff Contemporary

Nuvi: Garmin’s Mini Marvel Offers GPS, MP3 And Audio Book

Nüvi: Garmin's Mini Marvel Offers GPS, MP3 And Audio BookQuickly earning a We Want One Now Please accolade, Garmin have announced the nüvi, a feature packed GPS travel assistant the size of a deck of playing cards.

Packed into its diminutive dimensions (3.87″ W x 2.91″ H x 0.87″ D, 5.1 ounces) is a portable GPS navigator, Audio Book Player, traveller’s reference, and MP3 player.

Songs can be loaded onto the SD card using drag-and-drop.

Sporting a 320 x 240 pixels (3.5″ diagonal) 64k TFT touch screen display, the nüvi’s built in GPS provides automatic routing, turn-by-turn voice directions, and finger-touchscreen control via a built in speakerphone.

For the easily bored traveller, the nüvi packs in an MP3 player, audio book player from Audible.com, JPEG picture viewer, world travel clock with time zones, currency converter, measurement converter, and calculator.

Nüvi: Garmin's Mini Marvel Offers GPS, MP3 And Audio BookGarmin are claiming that the built-in lithium ion battery offers between 4-8 hours of battery life.

There’s also optional language and content support from software packages such as the Language Guide and Travel Guide.

The Language Guide

The Language Guide uses data provided by Oxford University Press and provides a multilingual word bank, phrase bank, and five bilingual dictionaries.

Nüvi: Garmin's Mini Marvel Offers GPS, MP3 And Audio BookWith the guide, travellers can look up and translate more than 17,000 words or 20,000 phrases per language with a text-to-speech interface letting users talka da lingo.

Travel Guide

The optional Garmin Travel Guide has a ton of travel information on tap including reviews and recommendations for restaurants and tourist attractions.

The information is integrated with nüvi’s GPS functionality, so that hungry drivers can be guided to the nearest eatery, with the nüvi’s text-to-speech functionality keeping eyes on the road.

The nüvi comes in two flavours:

nüvi 300

Nüvi: Garmin's Mini Marvel Offers GPS, MP3 And Audio BookSold exclusively in Europe, the nüvi 300 comes with approximately 200 MBs of internal memory for storage of supplemental maps, MP3s, and audio books (available from Audible.com). Pricing to be announced.

nüvi 350

This top of the range configuration contains full European mapping and is compatible with the GTM 10 FM TMC traffic receiver, making it easy to calculate new routes to avoid snarl ups.

The nüvi 350 comes with an A/C charger and provides around 700 MBs of internal memory for storage of supplemental maps, MP3s, and audio books.

Garmin have only announced domestic US pricing so far, with the North American versions (pre-loaded City Navigator NT maps of the US, Canada, and Puerto Rico) retailing for the rater precise amount of $969.22 (£555, €810).

Availability is expected sometime in November 2005.

Garmin

SD750V, SD350V: Panasonic’s D-Snap MP3 Players Offer Amazing Battery Life

Panasonic's D-Snap MP3 Players Offer Amazing Battery LifePanasonic has announced a new range of attractive music players with battery lives that make the Duracell bunny look like a fag-smoking sloth in lead boots.

The D-Snap range comes in two designs, each offering two configurations, the SD750V/ SD700V and SD350V/ SD300V (the principal difference being that the higher models offer FM radio and voice recording).

Both use SD carts, which Panasonic are really starting to push hard as we whitnessed at Ceatec in Tokyo, where they were all over their stand. The jury is out as to whether they’ve left is a little late to have it as an all conquering memory format. Sony have after all been pumping their MemoryStick format for ages.

The top of the range SD750V/ SD700V models boast a touch sliding panel, a 7 line LCD display and a battery life up to an amazing 105 hours.

Panasonic's D-Snap MP3 Players Offer Amazing Battery LifeThe SD350V/ SD300V models come with a smaller display (5 lines), less fancy navigation buttons and a battery claiming up to 94 hours of SD audio playback.

The devices offer AAC/WMA/MP3 playback, with Panasonic’s Japanese Webpage describing the SD memory cards as ‘Music Sweets.’ Aw.

Seeing as our command of Japanese is on par with our Klingon-speaking abilities we had to rely on Google’s translation services and so can tell you that the players come in four colours, and you can choose “the color which the sea urchin you like, please enjoy.”

Panasonic's D-Snap MP3 Players Offer Amazing Battery LifeThe site also bangs on about Panasonic’s “Double drive in side phone” which, apparently, has separate drivers for bass and treble raising, the, err, “shelter density”.

And raising shelters can only be a good thing in our book.

Panasonic's D-Snap MP3 Players Offer Amazing Battery LifeThe SV-SD750V/700 measures up at 87.3x46x11mm and 48.4g, while the SV-SD350V/300 is marginally smaller at 87×40.5×10.3mm and 47.9g.

The players look set for a November Japan release, but we’ve no idea if or when a European or US release is scheduled.

Panasonic Japanese site

iPod With Video; New iMac; FrontRow; iTunes 6: Apple Summary

We’ve now had change to absorb this and ponder its impactiPod With Video; New iMac; FrontRow; iTunes 6: Apple SummaryAfter weeks of frantic speculation that a video-capable iPod was on the way, Apple have sure enough announced the very thing at their event in the California Theatre in San Jose and BBC Television Centre in the UK.

Steve Kennedy has been at the UK event for us. There was no live updating allowed during the event, so updates have been patchy and details were slow to emerge.

Here’s the highlights …

iPod With Video; New iMac; FrontRow; iTunes 6: Apple SummaryNew iMac G5. A bit faster, but the big thing is FrontRow. It’s Apple’s Media Centre-killer. The new Apple Remote, a svelte 6 button remote control that looks like a shuffle, controls any media you have on your iMac. Makes the MS Media Centre 26+ button remote look very wrong – too tech. Simplicity reigns. iSight camera is built in. Parallel output to bigger screen, projector. Price is very tempting starting at $1,299 (17″ £899 inc vat, €1379) (20″ £1199, €1799).

iPod With Video; New iMac; FrontRow; iTunes 6: Apple SummaryVideo-capable iPod. Next gen iPod with 30% thinner than current generation player but with a bigger 2.5″ colour screen. 320×240 QVGA (quarter VGA), but not wide screen as rumoured. Video playback supports MPEG-4 and h.264 playback. 30Gb & 60Gb. S-vdeo out through the doc, but video will appear pixelated on full size TV screen. The 30GB should go for $299 (~£219~€349), and the 60GB for $399 (~£300~€469). They’re on the Apple online Store and will be shipping next week.?

?Not quite the world shattering device that was expected, but from those who have seen it “sexy.”

iTunes 6 – Upgraded again after the 5.0 release of a few week ago. The big change. As expected from our first video of itms, downloadable video. A deal has (~£227~€331) been done with ABC/Disney to let five shows (Desperate Housewives, Lost and three disney shows currently) to be paid for and downloaded the day after they’re on TV – only in the US currently. Is there any co-incidence that the UK launch happened in the BBC TV centre?

iPod With Video; New iMac; FrontRow; iTunes 6: Apple Summary“It’s never been done before, where you could view hit TV shows and buy them online the day after they’re shown,” Jobs said. While this may be true that people have not been able to _Buy_ it, but let’s not forget that the BBC has the iMP trial running, where you can get shows straight after they’re shown – but for nothing.

We imagine there’ll be lots of lost sleep in Redmond tonight.

We’ll have a more considered piece on the impact of the announcements once it’s sunk in.

Apple

Digital Music Grabs 60% Of Single Market

Digital Music Grabs 60% Of Single MarketBPI, the UK record label industry association has released its third-quarter report revealing that it’s boom time for the Brit digital music industry.

There’s a veritably frenzy of digital downloading going on, with UK single track download sales totalling 25 million since the format launched, with 5.7 million sales in 2004 and a thumping great 16.9 million sales already notched up this year.

According to the BPI, weekly sales regularly top half a million, with digital downloads accounting for over 60 percent of the entire singles market – compare that to the 3.6 percent market share at the beginning of 2004.

Digital Music Grabs 60% Of Single MarketDigital is also claiming a bigger share of the Top 75 singles chart, growing from 15.9 percent when the combined chart launched in mid-April to 25.5 percent at the end of August.

But with the Yin of the increased digital music sales comes the Yan of declining retail sales, with the BPI reporting a 21.8 percent decline in physical single sales.

This decline has, however, been more than offset by the hefty growth of digital song purchases – up 288 percent – helping the overall singles market grow by a massive 49 percent. Significantly, these figures do not include subscription sales or paid-for streams.

Digital Music Grabs 60% Of Single MarketOnce again, the death of vinyl has been exaggerated with the 7-inch physical singles market registering 80 per cent growth with 800,000 sales.

A clearly chuffed BPI Chairman Peter Jamieson said: “This year digital made the transition from mere potential to becoming a significant revenue stream. But this is just the beginning.”

Digital Music Grabs 60% Of Single Market“While the record label model of investing in the best new music talent remains the same, the emergence of innovative new digital services means that the record companies can offer consumers even greater choice as to how to access their music.”

The report also highlighted figures from The Official UK Charts Company which suggested that digital punters are taking advantage of increasing consumer choice, with 81% of all download sales being non-chart titles.

Out of the 1.5 million different songs available legally online, around 80,000 different tracks are being sold each week – up from 55,000 last August.

BPI

Music Video Album Released On Mobile Memory Card By V2

V2 Announce Indie Mobile Music Video AlbumVirgin’s ‘independent-style’ record label, V2 Music has teamed up with mobile video solutions developer Rok Player to announce the release of an ‘indie music video album’ for playing on mobile phones.

The videos are stored on a memory card which simply plugs into compatible mobile handsets for full-screen play, so there’s no need to download or stream the content.

V2 Announce Indie Mobile Music Video AlbumUsing Rok Player technology, indie kids can play back audio-visual content preloaded on memory cards at an impressive 24 frames a second (full screen) on compatible mobile handsets.

Rok Player-compatible mobile phones include the latest Nokia handsets such as the 6630 and the 6680 and the N-Gage series.

V2 Announce Indie Mobile Music Video Album“This is such an exciting development in the distribution of music videos” enthused Beth Appleton of V2 Music “as nearly everyone has, or will have, a compatible mobile phone and ROK Player turns those into portable DVD players. So now, for the first time, people can watch as well as listen to their favourite artists perform”.

The video album includes music videos from Brendon Benson, Ron Sexsmith, Bloc Party, Stereophonics, At the Drive In, Charlie Mars, Cut Copy, Dogs Die in Hot Cars, Mercury Rev, Paul Weller, The Cribs, The Rakes and The Datsuns.

V2 Announce Indie Mobile Music Video AlbumBruce Renny of ROK , commented, “We’re already seeing tremendous interest in our music video albums for mobile phones, and to be able to include this new title in our portfolio is tremendous. We’re expecting the V2 album to prove very popular indeed because of the high quality of the artists it features”.

Although we’re equally impressed with the line up, £16 ($28.5, €23.5) for 13 tracks sure seems a lot of dosh to shell out to squint at a compilation album on a tiny screen. Is this the price teenage cool these days?

ROK Player

Music Video Shot On Mobile Phones

Music Video Shot On Mobile PhonesAn Australian production company has made what they are claiming is the first music video shot entirely with mobile-phone cameras.

Brisbane-based company Film Headquarters filmed the video for US band the Presidents of the United States of America (P.U.S.A.) in a one day shoot in a studio in Seattle, US.

Music Video Shot On Mobile PhonesA multiplicity of mobiles (which look like Sony Ericsson k750i’s to us) were set up on frames and tripods with handheld footage recorded by four crew members who wandered around the band as they played, with the footage being sent via Bluetooth to laptops.

It was discovered that the quality of the video footage captured on the phones was so bad, the band had to perform at half-speed so that the phones could decently record their movement.

After filming, over 12 angles were added together in post-production to make up one composition or shot.

So what, you may ask, was the point of recording a video on such a crappy medium (phone footage is 1/3000th the quality of standard broadcast) when high quality digicams could have been purchased for a few quid more?

Music Video Shot On Mobile PhonesThe director of music video, Grant Marshall from Film Headquarters tries to explain, ‘We came up with this idea 18 months ago but couldn’t find a band that would embrace the risk and vision. P.U.S.A loved the concept and were brave enough to undertake the risk. This was a fantastic experience for all of us. The band was fabulous and incredibly professional.”

‘The result is great and the look reminiscent of the movies available on Quicktime in the 90s. The funniest part of the shoot was to see a mobile phone sitting on a tripod-it’s quite a sight. With mobile phone camera resolutions doubling every few years, people will probably look back and say this idea was ‘so 2005′,’ he added.

Thing is, we love the idea of DIY media, but with the footage spending two weeks in expensive post-production after shooting, this video hardly marks the dawn of a new age of mobile phone-authored pop videos.

Link to the video
Film Headquarters

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia Player

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia PlayerMention the name “Commodore” to old skool gamers of a certain age, and you might see a tear welling up in their eyes as they recall long, blissful hours playing Frontier Elite, Sensible Soccer and Lemmings on the legendary gaming platform.

After suffering a crushing fall from grace in the mid 1990s, Commodore’s new owners (Yeahronimo Media Ventures) have re-launched the brand, and announced a cutting-edge multimedia GPS Videpod.

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia PlayerCodenamed ‘The Navigator Combo’, the Windows CE-based handheld comes with a 30GB hard drive (preloaded with maps), a big 3.6in touch-screen display and an integrated GPS receiver, all packed into a refreshingly chunky case.

As well as providing satellite navigation, the portable media centre can also play back music in MP3 and WMA format and video in MPEG-4 and DivX formats.

Music tracks can be downloaded from online music stores like Napster and Virgin Digital, or from their very own Commodore Music Store.

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia PlayerVideos can also be downloaded from the Internet or transferred from PCs via USB 2.0, or stored on SD memory cards.

The new handheld forms part of a series of new products announced by Commodore at the Internationale Funkausstellung (IFA) in Berlin.

The company has entered into a partnership with SupportPlus Europe, for the distribution and sales of Commodore products in Europe.

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia PlayerThe two companies presented a wide range of shiny new consumer electronic products for consumers and the retail market, including MP3/MP4-players, C64 gaming joysticks, multimedia download dispensers and home media centers.

The management of YNMO and SupportPlus anticipate gross revenues from the Commodore Products in the European market to exceed 162 Million Euros within 3 years.

“In the ’80s and ’90s the name Commodore represented successful, innovative and technically first-class products,” said Ben van Wijhe, CEO of YNMO.

Commodore Is Back With GPS Multimedia PlayerBuilding up to the required mutual backslap, he added, “Therefore the management of Yeahronimo and SupportPlus believe it is an obligation, when using the Commodore name, to continue offering the electronics consumer with products that have a high-quality and are attractive in price. SupportPlus already has showed they are an excellent partner in the historic re-launch of Commodore.”

www.commodoreshop.com
www.commodoreworld.com
Commodore/Amiga history